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Roger G. Miller's Personal Web Site

A personal and professional profile

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A Celebration of God's Grace




clown







Verse is a chalice; place within it only
A stainless thought;
From out whose deeps the smouldering radiance sparkles
Like bubbles in a golden vintage caught.

--José Asunción Silva
Art







swan







Teach me half the gladness
That thy brain must know,
Such harmonious madness
From my lips would flow,
The world should listen then, as
I am listening now.

--Percy B. Shelley
To a Skylark







Heidelberg Castle







You have to ask children and birds how cherries and strawberries taste.
--Goethe







ancient Roman temple







Barking dogs don't bite, but they don't know it.
--Sholem Aleichem







lizard







All excellent things are as difficult as they are rare.
--Spinoza
Everyman







boys embracing







Well, if I called the wrong number, why did you answer the phone?
--James Thurber
Cartoon Caption







peacock







If a suit doesn't fit, it may be because you have grown smaller.
--"The Chofetz Chaim"







abstract with blue & green spirals







Humor is emotional chaos remembered in tranquillity.
--James Thurber








lamb with ewe & flock







As if you could kill time without injuring eternity.
--Henry David Thoreau
Walden







covered bridge in Lucerne







He is now fast rising from affluence to poverty.
--Mark Twain
Henry Ward Beecher's Farm







polished rock interior







Open my ears to music; let
Me thrill with Spring's first flutes and drums--
But never let me dare forget
The bitter ballads of the slums..

--Louis Untermeyer
Prayer







fabric art







Wit is the only wall
Between us and the dark.

--Mark Van Doren
Wit







caught fish jumping







Mind is the great lever of all things; human thought is the process by which human ends are ultimately answered.
--Daniel Webster
Address on Laying the Cornerstone of the Bunker Hill Monument







butterfly







I don't believe the half I hear,
Nor the quarter of what I see!
But I have one faith, sublime and true,
That noghing can shake or slay;
Each spring I firmly believe anew
All the seed catalogues say!.

--Carolyn Wells








Saints and Seasons

A page for spiritual and liturgical meditation



Epiphany

Three Adorations of the Magi from Hungary

Béla Iványi Grünwald - Oil on canvas (1903)
József Koszta - Oil on canvas (1906-1907)
Vilmos Perlrott-Csaba - Oil on canvas (1914)
January 6

Feast of the Epiphany




Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Gregory Nazianzen, 390
          Gregory was baptized at age 30, joined his friend Basil in a new monastery, and reluctantly was ordained a priest. In the controversy over Arianism (the divinity of Christ at issue), Gregory opposed the emperor in defending orthodoxy. When the emperor died, Gregory was called to rebuild the see of Constantinople that had been under Arian control for decades. He is also remembered for his poetry.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 65 ”Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen”, 1724; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 123 ”Liebster Immanuel, Herzog der Frommen”, 1725; First performance of Bach’s Christmas Oratorio, Part VI ”Herr, wenn die stoltzen Feinde schnauben”, 1735; César Cui (Russian composer), b. 1835; Max Bruch (German composer), b. 1838; Alexander Scriabin (Russian composer), b. 1872; First performance of Sheng’s Red Silk Dance, 2000

Two Epiphanies

Fernando Gallego - Panel (c. 1480)
Giotto di Bondone - Tempera on wood (c. 1320)
January 7Greek Orthodox icon commemorating John the Baptist
          A synaxis is a gathering to glorify, or honor, a person, an event, or an idea. This icon in honor of John the Baptist’s baptizing of Jesus shows the prophet in the desert holding a scepter with a cross. He wears angel’s wings to indicate his divine mission as a forerunner. The icon portrays Jesus blessing him from heaven (in an upper corner) and his severed head (in a lower corner). The scroll he holds indicates the prophecies he fulfilled.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Raymond of Penyafort, 1275
          St. Raymond came from Spanish nobility who gave him the resources and education to begin life well. At age 20 he was teaching philosophy, by his 30s he had earned doctorates in canon and civil law, and at 41 he became a Dominican. As Pope Gregory IX’s confessor, he was asked to collect in one place all decrees by popes and councils, a task for which he is chiefly remembered; his codification was the best until a 1917 updating. After his life’s administrative work was done, he continued to be influential by convincing Thomas Aquinas to write his work Against the Gentiles.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Adam Krieger (German composer), b. 1634; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 124 ”Meinen Hesum lass ich nicht”, 1725; First performance of Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera Sadko, 1898; Francis Poulenc (French composer), b. 1899; Ulysses Kay (American composer), b. 1917; Russell Woollen (American composer), b. 1923; Marian Anderson makes her Metropolitan Opera debut, 1955
Baptism of Christ - Oil on canvas (c. 1655) by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
January 8Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating Blessed Angela of Foligno, 1309
          At the age of forty, Angela turned in a life empty of all but wealth and social position for one dedicated to prayer and works of charity. She wrote a Book of Visions and Instructions, a memoir of post-conversion temptations and thanksgiving to God for the Incarnation of Jesus. The book earned her the title “Teacher of Theologians.”



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Handel’s opera Almira, 1705; Arcangelo Corelli (Italian composer & violinist), d. 1713; Lowell Mason (American composer & educator), b. 1792; Hans von Bülow (German conductor), b. 1830; Jaromir Weinberger (Czech composer), b. 1896; Alexander Tcherepnin (Russian-American composer), b. 1899; First performance of Schmitt’s opera La tragédie de Salomé, 1911; Benjamin Lees (Russian-American composer), b. 1924; Robert Starer (Austrian-American composer), b. 1924; Elvis Presley (American rock ‘n’ roll performer), b. 1935; Robert Moran (American composer), b. 1937; Sir Michael Tippett (British composer), d. 1998
Adoration of the Magi - Tempera on wood (1450-1500) by an Unknown Spanish Master
January 9Episcopal commemoration of Julia Chester Emery, home missionary, 1922
          Emery is remembered on the Episcopal calendar for her forty years of work on behalf of missions, travelling as representative of the Auxiliary to the Board of Missions and administering women’s work on its behalf.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Adrian of Canterbury, 710
          Although Adrian turned down a papal request to become Archbishop of Canterbury, he taught and served as abbot at the diocesan school there for forty years, making it one of the important centers of learning of the day.



First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 154 ”Mein liebster Jesus ist verloren”, 1724; John Knowles Paine (American composer), b. 1839; Rudolf Bing (Austrian impresario), b. 1902; First performance of Debussy’s Estampes, 1904
St. John Chrysostom - Icon (20th century) by an unknown Greek Master
January 10Commemoration of William Laud, Archbishop & Martyr, 1645
          Laud was Archbishop of Canterbury at a time when controversies were so intense that eventually they led to the English Civil War. The contestants were Anglicans versus Puritans. Laud punished those who attacked the Church (rich and poor alike), upheld trivial customs that provoked Puritan opponents and sought the financial independence of the clergy; all together, he earned many enemies and eventually was executed for his unpopularity and lack of wisdom.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Gregory of Nyssa, 395
          Gregory was an excellent scholar as a young man and, with his sister Macrina (July 19) and his brother Basil (January 2), was an important influence in the controversy against Arius-over the divinity of Christ. A married bishop (before the time when celibacy was required for priests) of Nyssa-in southern Armenia-he is remembered for his vigorous defense of orthodoxy as his contributions to the mystical tradition in Christian spirituality.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Johann Zumsteeg (composer), b. 1760; First performance of Verdi’s opera Don Carlos, 2nd Italian version, 1867; Jean Martinon (French composer & conductor), b. 1910; Milton Babbitt (American composer), b. 1916; First performance of Gershwin & Romberg’s operetta Rosalie, 1928; Frank Bridge (British composer), d. 1941
The Virgin Mary and Child With Saints Martina and Agnes - Oil on canvas (1597-1599) by El Greco
January 11Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Righteous Theodosios the Cenobiarch
          Theodosios was important as a figure in 4th-century communal monasticism in Palestine (at the time Sabas was important as a figure in heremitic spirituality) and for his defense of orthodoxy against the Monophysites, those who denied the dual nature of Christ. The icon portrays him in simple monastic garb holding a parchment indicating orthodox teachings.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating Blessed William Carter, 1584
          During Elizabeth I’s reign, it was dangerous to be Catholic. Carter was a printer of “lewd” (i.e. Catholic) pamphlets that upheld Catholicism and encouraged people to persist in their Catholic faith. He was executed as a traitor to the crown for his printing work. When Paul wrote of the ministry of reconciliation (2 Corinthians 5:19) this likely was not what he had in mind.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Rameau’s opera Castor and Pollux, 1754; Domenico Cimarosa (Italian composer), d. 1801; Christian Sinding (Norwegian composer), b. 1875; Vassili Sergeievitch Kalinnikov (Russian composer), d. 1901; Maurice Duruflé (French composer & organist), b. 1902; First performance of Rachmaninoff’s operas The Miserly Knight and Francesca da Rimini, 1906; First performance of Copland’s Symphony for Organ and Orchestra, 1925; First performance of Prokofiev’s opera Romeo and Juliet, 1940; Oscar Straus (Austrian composer), d. 1954; First performance of Adams’ opera El Niño, 2001
Portrait of Innocent X - Oil on canvas (1650) by Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velázquez
January 12Episcopal commemoration of Aelred, Abbot of Rievaulx, 1167
          Aelred found his early career in the court of the King of Scotland unsatisfying and at age 24 entered a Cistercian monastery at Rievaulx in Yorkshire. While a monk and later as abbot, he wrote books on the spiritual life, the most famous being Spiritual Friendship. His themes were following Jesus in everything we do, and the delight the compatibility of spiritual perfection with the development of particular friendships (as long as they do not lead to the exclusion of others).



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Marguerite Bourgeoys, 1700
          French-born Marguerite was rejected for membership in the Carmelites and the Poor Clares, but she was invited to emigrate to Canada and establish a school for Indian girls in what would become the city of Montreal. Realizing she needed co-workers, she returned to France and recruited several young women, and founded the Congregation of Notre Dame in the New World. She is remembered as “Mother of the Colony,” for she was not called to be a cloistered nun but an educator.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Giacomo Carissimi (Italian composer), d. 1674; Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (Italian composer), b. 1876; Leo Smit (American pianist & composer), b. 1921; Morton Feldman (American composer), b. 1926; First performance of Bloch’s Sacred Service, 1934; Arthur Shepherd (American composer), d. 1958

Three Adorations of the Magi from Spain

Juan Reixach - Tempera on wood (1450-1490)
Luis Tristán de Escamilla - Oil on canvas (1620)
Eugenio Cajes - Oil on canvas (1620s)
January 13

Feast of St. Hillary of Poitiers, 367

Episcopal essay; Roman Catholic audio essay
          Hilary was a major figure and theological writer in the controversy between the orthodoxy and Arianism when the doctrines of the dual nature of Christ and the Trinity. An adult convert to Christianity, he was married had a daughter before he was ordained a priest and elected bishop of Poitiers. His involvement in the Arian controversy got him exiled to Phrygia for a while. He brought Eastern hymns back with him and wrote others of his own, for which he is remembered as the father of the Latin hymn.



Lutheran commemoration of George Fox, renewer of society, 1691
          Fox founded the Society of Friends out of frustration with the elaborate and ceremonial religion of the Anglican Church. This was the same time the Puritans stressed the wrath and judgment of God in an attempt to “purify” the Church. Fox looked for a third way. He concluded that Christ is a present reality, that the mark of an authentic Christian is a changed life, that the church is a fellowship of believers, and that a minister is one who serves others and makes Christ real to others. These themes remain the core beliefs of the Friends.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating Blessed Jutta of Thuringia, 1264?
          Jutta exchanged a life of luxury and power for one of service to the poor as a Secular Franciscan. In spite of ridicule from her former associates, she was able to see the face of God in the poor. She has been venerated as the patron saint of Prussia.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Christoph Graupner (German composer), b. 1683; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 32 “Liebster Jesu, mein Verlangen”, 1726; First performance of Mozart’s opera La finta giardiniera, 1775; Stephen Foster (American composer), d. 1864; Vassili Sergeievitch Kalinnikov (Russian composer), d. 1866; First performance of Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera The Maid of Pskov, 1873; W. Lynnwood Farnam (American composer), b. 1885; André Kostelanetz (Russian-American conductor & arranger), d. 1980
Still Life: Balsam Apples and Vegetables - Oil on canvas (1820s) by James Peale
January 14Lutheran commemoration of Eivind Josef Berggrav, Bishop of Oslo, 1959
          For a decade after he earned his first theological degree, Berggrav taught school and wrestled with his vocation. Then he studied further in England and Germany before he was ordained. He served a parish and then was made a bishop. When the Nazis conquered Norway, he was the face of Christian resistance. He was removed from office and placed under house arrest. Outlawed, he served the underground church while in hiding until the defeat of the Nazis. After the war he instituted reforms in the Norwegian Church and was a leader in the World Council of Churches and the Lutheran World Federation.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating Servant of God, John the Gardner, 1501
          John was born in a poor family, and learned early to share what little he had with those who had less. He accepted work as a gardener in a monastery in Salamanca, and soon entered the Franciscan Order. He became known for his gift of prophecy and ability to read hearts, and many important people came to him for advice. Most often, that advice was that the forgiveness of offences is the penance most pleasing to God.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Pier Francesco Cavalli (Italian composer), d. 1676; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 3 ”Ach Gott, wie manches Herzeleid” I, 1725; First performance of Handel’s opera Faramondo, 1738; Ludwig Koechel (musicologist), b. 1800; Albert Schweitzer (German organist, theologian & physician), b. 1875; First performance of Puccini’s opera Tosca, 1900; Joaquin Turina (Spanish composer & pianist), d. 1949; Paul Ben-Haim (Frankenburger) (German-Israeli composer), d. 1984
Two Monks - Oil on plaster (1821-1823) by Francisco de Goya y Lucientes
January 15Lutheran and Episcopal commemorations of Martin Luther King, Jr., renewer of society and martyr, 1968
          See April 4 for comments.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating John the Cave Dweller, c. 450
          John exchanged the comforts of wealth for the rigors of poverty, enduring the mockery and derision of those who possessed more. The icon portrays him in the clothes of poverty and accompanied by a monk who is instructing him in holiness.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Paul the Hermit, 345
          Little is known about Paul other than the fact that he lived in a cave for 90 years and his reputation for holiness.

St. Paul the Hermit - Oil on canvas (1647) by Jusepe de Ribera



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Giovanni Battista Sammartini (Italian composer), d. 1775; Jean Baptiste Fauré (French composer), b. 1830; First performance of Tchaikovsky’s ballet Sleeping Beauty, 1890; Ivor Novello (English composer), b. 1893; Elie Siegmeister (American composer), b. 1909; First performance of Barber’s opera Vanessa, 1958; Aaron Jay Kernis (American composer), b. 1960; First performance of Danielpour’s opera Elegies, 1998
Still Life: A Butcher’s Counter - Oil on canvas (1810-1812) by Francisco de Goya y Lucientes
January 16Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Berard and Companions, 1220
          Berard was one of five Franciscans who left Italy to preach in Morocco. They were executed for preaching the Christian gospel in a Muslim staff. They were the first Franciscan martyrs. Their story was an important inspiration for the missionary work of Anthony of Padua (June 13).



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 155 ”Mein Gott, wie lang, ach lange”, 1724; Nicola Piccini (Italian composer), b. 1728; First performance of Handel’s Saul, 1739; First performance of Handel’s opera Hercules, 1745; Amilcare Ponchielli (Italian composer), d. 1886; Leo Delibes (French composer), d. 1891; Roger Wagner (American conductor & arranger), b. 1914; Marilyn Horne (American mezzo-soprano), b. 1934; Richard Wernick (American composer), b. 1934; Brian Ferneyhough (English composer), b. 1943; Gavin Bryars (English composer), b. 1943; Arturo Toscanini (Italian conductor), d. 1957; Vernon Duke (Russian-American composer), d. 1969
Holy Bishop - Tempera on canvas transferred from wood (c. 1500) by Master of Budapest
January 17

Feast of St. Antony of Egypt, 356

Episcopal essay; Greek Orthodox icon; Roman Catholic audio essay.
          Before being a Christian was legal, it was not only dangerous but involved renouncing prestige and success in the world. Antony, often considered the founder of Christian monasticism, was among the first to flee to the desert to pursue a life of prayer and meditation. After two decades, he gave up his solitude to head a group of monks living in scattered cells. After nearly twenty years as abbot, he began to occasionally visit Alexandria to preach the orthodox faith to the Arians. The icon shows an elderly man in clothes appropriate for desert living holding a parchment of orthodoxy, a T-shaped cross that is associated with him in art, and surrounded by scenes from his chosen life.

The Miracle of St. Anthony - Fresco (1798) by Francisco de Goya y Lucientes
(Detail);          (Detail)



Lutheran commemoration of Pachomius, renewer of the church, 346
          As the church became more and more absorbed by the world and monks became extravagant in their living, the instinct to flee to the desert as ascetic hermits grew. Pachomius was a younger contemporary of Anthony of Egypt who followed his example and became a desert monk.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Benjamin Franklin (American statesman & composer of string quartets), b. 1706; John Stanley (English composer), b. 1712; François Joseph Gossec (Belgian composer), b. 1734; Jean François Dandrieu (French composer & organist), d. 1738; Tomaso Albinoni (Italian composer), d. 1750; Juan Crisostomo Arriaga (Spanish composer), d. 1826; First performance of Mascagni’s opera Le Maschere, 1901; Henk Badings (Dutch composer), b. 1907; Donald Erb (American composer), b. 1927; Sydney Hodkinson (Canadian-American composer), b. 1934
Bust on a Reliquary - Painted wood sculpture (c. 1600) by Juan Martinez Montañéz
January 18

Lutheran and Episcopal Feast of The Confession of St. Peter

          This commemoration makes it a good day for all Christians to say with Peter, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the Living Lord.”

St. Peter - Oil on canvas (1610-1614) by El Greco
St. Peter - Oil on canvas (1610-1613) by El Greco
St. Peter in Penitence - Oil on canvas (1600-1605) by El Greco
St. Peter in Penitence - Oil on canvas (1580s) by El Greco



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Athanasios and Cyril, Patriarchs of Alexandria
          Athanasios and Cyril are not lauded in any detail in the commentary of this icon, but they are portrayed in liturgical vestments appropriate to their standing as patriarchs of one of the great sees of Christianity. Both are holding Bibles and extending blessings.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Charles of Sezze, 1670
          Charles was a Franciscan successor to Brother Juniper (January 29) who served as servant at several Italian friaries. His spiritual awareness grew as he made good use of his spiritual advisors—to the point that others, including a pope, called on him for advice. While serving the physical needs of the friars, and the spiritual needs of those who called upon him, he also had time to write an autobiography and several other spiritual books.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: César Cui (Russian composer), b. 1835; Alexis Emmanuel Chabrier (French composer), b. 1841; Berthold Goldschmidt (German-English composer), b. 1903; First performance of Delius’ Brigg Fair, 1908; Juan Orrego Salas (Chilean composer), b. 1919; First performance of Shostakovich’s opera The Nose, 1930; First performance of Siegmeister’s opera Prairie Legend, 1947; First broadcast of Bernstein’s Young People’s Concerts, 1958
Portrait of a Jesuit Missionary - Oil on canvas (1638) by Jusepe de Ribera
January 19Lutheran commemoration of Henry, Bishop of Uppsala, missionary to Finland, martyr, 1156
          English-born Henry was living in Rome when called to accompany the papal legate to Uppsala where he was consecrated missionary bishop and where he worked to establish the Christian faith and organize ecclesiastical life. A man who had been excommunicated for manslaughter killed Henry in 1156. He is patron saint of Finland.



Episcopal commemoration of Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester, 1095
          When William the Conquerer conquered England he replaced most of the native Anglo-Saxon bishops with Norman clergy. Wulfstan was an exception because he submitted to William’ rule. He became one of the King’s most trusted advisors. He is remembered for combining holiness with social activism, especially for his opposition to the slave trade in western England.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Mark, Bishop of Ephesus
          Little is known of Mark than his expertise in both secular and spiritual wisdom and his eventual elevation to Metropolitan of Ephesus. The icon holding a parchment and a cross in his hands and clad in the liturgical vestments of his high rank.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Hans Sachs (German “mastersinger”), d. 1576; First performance of Lully’s opera Alceste, 1674; Hermann Kretzschmar (composer), b. 1848; First performance of Verdi’s opera Il Trovatore, 1853; First performance of Massenet’s opera Manon, 1884; Karl Krueger (German conductor), b. 1894; First performance of Glazunov’s opera Raymonda, 1898; Elliott Schwartz (American composer), b. 1936; First performance of Bernstein’s musical Wonderful Town, trial run, 1953
Vase of Flowers - Oil on canvas (1635-1636) by Juan Fernández
January 20Episcopal commemoration of Fabian, Bishop and Martyr of Rome, 250
          As bishop of Rome for 14 years, Fabian demonstrated extraordinary gifts of organization and record keeping. When Decius began his persecution in all parts of the empire, Fabian was first to be martyred. Although Decius wanted to make an example of him as the first to die, Fabian’s example was to die with courage.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Righteous Euthymios the Great
          Euthymios was from Meletine in Armenia. His ministry was as a monk abbot first in Meletine and then in Palestine. He remembered for defending orthodoxy against the Arians and Monophysites, who denied the divinity of Christ. The icon portrays him with a face filled with wisdom and clad in monastic robes; he hold the parchment of orthodox faith.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Sebastian, 288
          Nothing is known about Sebastian except that he was a Roman martyr sometime before 350. His popularity is seen in the number of works of art that surround the legend of his execution by arrows, his recovery and second execution by beating. While not a historical story, it probably indicated the courage of his character and death.

St. Sebastian - Oil on canvas (c. 1616) by Pedro Orrente
St. Sebastian Tended by the Holy Women - Oil on canvas (1621) by Jusepe de Ribera



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Johann Hermann Schein (German composer), b. 1586; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 13 ”Meine Seufzer, meine Tränen”, 1726; Ernest Chausson (French composer), b. 1855; Walter Piston (American composer), b. 1894; William Warfield (American bass), b. 1920; David Tudor (American composer), b. 1926; First performance of Gershwin’s operetta Pardon My English, 1933; Arthur Farwell (American composer & educator), d. 1952; First performance of Poulenc’s Gloria, 1961

Three Still Lifes by Juan de Espinosa

Still Life with Flowers and a Garland of Fruit and Flowers - Oil on canvas (c. 1645)
Still Life with a Shell Fountain, Fruit and Flowers - Oil on canvas (c. 1645)
Still Life with Shell Fountain and Flowers - Oil on canvas (c. 1645)
January 21

Feast of St. Agnes

Lutheran and Episcopal essay; Roman Catholic audio essay.
          Agnes was martyred at the age of twelve or thirteen during the persecution of Diocletian. Her death may have shocked enough Romans to help end such persecutions. She reminds us that holiness does not depend on length of years, but is a gift of God.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Maximus the Confessor
          Maximos was a successful courtier of the Emperor Heraclius. However, when heresy became prominent at the court, he resigned and entered a monastery where he later became abbot. He was martyred for his defense of orthodoxy. The icon shows an elderly man in plain robes with a somewhat weather-beaten face; he holds the parchment of orthodoxy.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Handel’s Teseo, 1713; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 111 ”Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit”, 1725; First performance of Cherubini’s opera Requiem, 1816; Albert Lavignac (French music theorist), b. 1846; Henri Duparc (French composer), b. 1848; Ernest Chausson (French composer), b. 1855; First performance of Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera May Night, 1880; Alexander Tcherepnin (Russian-American composer), b. 1899; First performance of Janäcek’s opera Jenufa, 1904; Franco Evangelisti (Italian composer), b. 1926; Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (Italian composer), d. 1948
St. Dominic in Prayer - OIl on canvas (1586-1590) by El Greco
January 22

Feast of St. Vincent, Deacon of Saragossa, and Martyr, 304

Episcopal essay; Roman Catholic audio essay.
          All we know for certain about Vincent is that he was a deacon from Saragossa and the first Spanish martyr. Beyond that, legends abound.



Greek Orthodox icon commmemorating Timothy, Apostle of the 70
          What we know of Timothy comes from II Timothy. His father was a Greek pagan from Lystra; his Jewish mother was Eunice; and his grandmother was Lois. He became a disciple of Paul. Tradition says more about his later life, but there are no reliable records. The icon shows a relatively young man with a kind face holding a scroll in one hand and making a gesture of instruction with the other.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Anastasios, the Persian Monk-Martyr
          Nothing is known of Anastasios other than his martyrdom. The icon portrays him wearing the crown of victory and holding a cross.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Claude-Bénigne Balbastre (French composer), b. 1727; Charles A. Tournemire (French organist & composer), b. 1870; John J. Becker (American composer), b. 1886; First performance of Gilbert & Sullivan’s operetta Ruddigore, 1887; Rosa Ponselle (American soprano), b. 1897; Hans Erich Apostel (Austrian composer), b. 1901; Alexander Zakin (Russian pianist), b. 1903; Robin Milford (English composer), b. 1903; Leslie Bassett (American composer), b. 1923; First performance of Floyd’s Of Mice and Men, 1970; First performance of Rorem’s opera Evidence of Things Not Seen, 1998
St. Casilda of Burgos - Oil on canvas (1630-1642) by Francisco de Zurbarán
January 23Commemoration of Phillips Brooks, Bishop & Preacher
          Educated at Harvard and Virginia Theological Seminary, Brooks served two pastorates in Philadelphia, a long one in Boston, and as Episcopal Bishop of Massachusetts for two years. He is remembered for his sermons, which are still read, and for writing “O Little Town of Bethlehem.”



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Clement, the Hieromartyr and Bishop of Ancyra
          Clement was born of a mixed (pagan and Christian) marriage, served the Lord first as a monk, and then as bishop of Ancyra in Galatia. He was martyred during Diocletian’s persecution. The icon portrays him with a face lined by suffering, clad in the red robes of marytrdom, holding a Bible in one hand and a cross in the other while extending a blessing.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating Blessed Mother Marianne Cope, 1918
          Mother Marianne is remembered for her unselfish work among the lepers of Hawaii. The apex of her ministry was running the house that Father Damian had established on Molokai. She added a section for women, added procedures of cleanliness and an atmosphere of bright colors and joy.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 73 ”Herr, wie du willst, so schicks mit mir”, 1724; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 156 ”Ich steh mit einem Fuss im Grabe”, 1729; Muzio Clementi (Italian composer), b. 1752; John Field (Irish composer), d. 1837; Rutland Boughton (English composer), b. 1878; Edward MacDowell (American pianist & composer), d. 1908; Samuel Barber (American composer), d. 1981
Mary - Oil on canvas (1646-1650) by Alonso Cano
January 24

Feast of St. Francis de Sales

Roman Catholic essay; Roman Catholic audio essay.
          Frances de Sales was Roman Catholic bishop of Geneva at the time John Calvin was working to reform the Church in that city. His preaching was vigorous in explaining Catholic doctrine, and focused on making prayer and meditation available to all Christians. This is especially true in his book Introduction to the Devout Life.



Episcopal commemoration of the Ordination of Florence Li Tim-Oi, first Anglican woman priest, 1944
          This commemoration is of the first woman priest in the Anglican communion. WWII interrupted her service in her native China where for 39 years she was unable to fulfill her ordination, but she later emigrated to Canada where she could exercise her priestly role. She is remembered for breaking ground in the matter of the ordination of women but for her work with the elderly.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Xenia, Deaconess of Rome
          Xenia exchanged her life of privilege for one of asceticism. Xenia was an assumed name so her parents could not find her and force her to return and marry. The icon shows her wearing the blue robe of purity and holding in her hands a cross and a scroll.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Frederick II “the Great” (Prussian monarch, flutist & composer), b. 1712; E.T.A. Hofmann (German composer & author), b. 1776; First performance of Bellini’s opera I Puritani, 1835; Gaspare Spontini (Italian composer), d. 1851; Friedrich von Flotow (German composer), d. 1883; Norman Dello Joio (American composer), b. 1913; Gottfried von Einem (Austrian composer), b. 1918; Leon Kirchner (American composer), b. 1919; First performance of Shostakovich’s opera Moscow, Cheryomushki, 1959
Apparition of the Virgin to St. Lawrence - Oil on canvas (1578-1580) by El Greco
January 25

The Conversion of St. Paul

Episcopal essay; Roman Catholic audio essay.
          This commemoration is a time to reflect on conversion—how an enemy and persecutor can become a zealous evangelist—and theology—how life in all its vagaries and twists and turns can be lived and interpreted in the light of God profligate love for us.

Saint Paul, Apostle - Oil on canvas (1610-1614) by El Greco



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Gregory the Theologian, Archbishop of Constantinople
          Gregory is a Doctor of the Church and one of the three Cappadocian Fathers. Lifelong friend of fellow ascetic, Basil the Great (June 14), Gregory became Archbishop of Constantinople and was a major defender of the doctrine of Christ’s dual nature (fully divine and fully human) in the controversy with Arius. He sometimes is known as Gregory the Theologian because of his eloquent articulation of his thinking. The icon portrays him in liturgical vestments holding a Bible and extending a Trinitarian blessing.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Rossini’s opera La Cenerentola, 1817; Jan Blockx (Flemish composer), b. 1851; Wilhelm Furtwängler (German conductor), b. 1886; First performance of Strauss’ opera Elektra, 1909; Witold Lutoslawski (Polish composer), b. 1913; William Strickland (American composer), b. 1914

Three Still Lifes by Pedro de Camprobín

Vase of Flowers - Oil on canvas (17th c.)
Vase of Flowers - Vase of Flowers – Oil on canvas (1663)
Vase of Flowers - Oil on canvas (c. 1665)
January 26

Feast of St. Timothy and Titus

Episcopal essay; Roman Catholic audio essay; Lutheran essays on Timothy, Titus and Silas, missionaries
          What we know of these missionary companions of Paul is from epistles in the Christian scriptures and the Book of Acts. Both were Greeks; Timothy (January 22) was assigned difficult missions during the fifteen years they worked together and seems to have been with Paul during his Roman house arrest, while Titus was Paul’s close friend and known as a peacemaker. Timothy was Paul’s emissary at Ephesus, and Titus was messenger and intermediary at Corinth. Silas accompanied Paul on his second missionary journey and back to Jerusalem to report to the Council.

Two Saints - Wood sculpture (1577-1579) by El Greco



Feast of St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, 407

Episcopal essay; Greek Orthodox icon.
          See September 13 for comments.

The Penance of Saint John Chrysostom - Engraving (c. 1496) by Albrecht Dürer



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Xenophon & His Companions, early 6th century
          Xenophon sent his two sons to Beirut to study law. En route they were shipwrecked, barely survived and responded by becoming monks in Palestine. Xenophon and his wife knew nothing of their experience and went in search of them. When they found them, they too became monks. The icon shows an elderly man with a kindly face holding a scroll in one hand and a crucifix in the other.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Mozart’s opera Così fan tutte, 1790; Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach (German composer), d. 1795; First performance of Strauss’ opera Der Rosenkavalier, 1911; Warren Benson (American composer), b. 1924; Jacqueline du Pré (cellist), b. 1945; First performance of Bernstein’s musical Candide, concert version, 1957; First performance of Argento’s Variations for Orchestra & Soprano (“The Masque of Night”), 1966; Kenneth Gaburo (American composer & educator), d. 1993

Three Spanish Still Lifes

Still Life with Fruits and Flowers - Oil on canvas (1642) by Tomás Hiepes
Vase of Flowers - Oil on canvas (1650) by Diego Valentín Díaz
Still Life with Flowers, Artichokes and Fruit - Oil on canvas (c. 1660) by Antonio Ponce
January 27Lutheran commemoration of Lydia, Dorcas, and Phoebe, witnesses to the faith
          Women played a large role in the early church, leadership that was taken away by men for many centuries. To their credit, women have always developed and used leadership skills in the service of Christ, even if through adjunct organizations. Of course, they have been a model of service to the poor and sick throughout the centuries.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Angela Merici, 1540
          Angela founded the first teaching congregation of women in the Church. As a Secular Franciscan, she lived austerely while teaching poor children the elements of religion. Her Company of St. Ursula took the task of Christianizing family life through teaching future wives and mothers.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 72 ”Alles nur nach Gottes Willen”, 1725-27; Bartolommeo Cristofori (Italian – 1st piano builder), d. 1731; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austrian composer), b. 1756; Juan Crisostomo Arriage (Spanish composer), b. 1806; Edouard Lalo (French composer), b. 1823; First performance of Verdi’s opera La battaglia di Legnano, 1859; First performance of Mussorgsky’s opera Boris Godunov, 1874; Jerome Kern (American composer), b. 1885; Olin Downes (American music critic), b. 1886; Joseph Rosenstock (Polish conductor), b. 1895; Giuseppe Verdi (Italian composer), d. 1901; Lothar Klein (German-Canadian composer), b. 1932; John Ogdon (English pianist & composer), b. 1937; First performance of Tippett’s opera The Midsummer Marriage, 1955; First performance of Sondheim’s musical Assassins, off-Broadway, 1991
Virgin and Child with a Rosary - Oil on canvas (1650-1655) by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
January 28

Feast of St. Thomas Aquinas

Lutheran and Episcopal essay; Roman Catholic audio essay.
          By the 13th century, the works of Aristotle had been lost to the West. As they were rediscovered, many students saw them as an alternative to Christianity which since Augustine of Hippo had been thoroughly based on Platonic philosophy. Some, however, held the two side by side. Aquinas tried to us Aristotelian language to explain the Christian faith. While Aristotle is no longer in vogue, Aquinas’ method of using an opponent’s worldviews to explore Christian thought is used, particularly in the interface between science and religion.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Ephriam the Syrian
          Ephraim, one of the Fathers at the First Ecumenical Council, is remembered for his hymns setting forth orthodox doctrine in the midst of the early controversies of the Church. He sometimes is referred to as the “Harp of the Holy Spirit.” The icon portrays a man with in intense expression on his face holding a scroll of his hymns



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Isaac the Syrian, Bishop of Ninevah
          Little is known of Isaac except his role as a monk and a bishop. The icon portrays him as a scholar with God the Father and the Holy Spirit guiding him.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 92 ”Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn”, 1724-25; Louis Hérold (French composer), b. 1791; First performance of Auber’s opera Fra Diavolo, 1830; Julián Carrillo (Mexican composer), b. 1875; Artur Rubeinstein (Polish-American pianist), b. 1889; Vittorio Rieti (Italian-American composer), b. 1898; First performance of Granados’ opera Goyescas, 1916; Luis de Pablo (Spanish composer), b. 1930; Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov (Russian composer), d. 1935; Sir John Tavener (British composer), b. 1944; First performance of Joplin’s opera Treemonisha, 1972; First performance of Lauridsen’s opera Mid-Winter Songs, 1997
A Prelate - Oil on canvas by (1605-1610) El Greco
January 29Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Ignatios the God-Bearer
          Ignatios seems to have been a bishop and a martyr. Nothing else is known of him. The icon portrays an elderly man clad in liturgical vestments and holding a parchment. Christ is blessing him from an upper corner.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating Servant of God Brother Juniper, 1258
          Juniper was a friar in the company of St. Francis of Assisi (October 4) who was known for his extravagant, and exasperating, generosity. His piety centered on simplicity and the passion of Jesus.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Georg Christoph Wagenseil (Austrian composer), b. 1715; First performance of Gay & Pepusch’s operaThe Beggar’s Opera, 1728; First performance of Mozart’s opera Idomeneo, 1781; Daniel François Auber (French composer), b. 1782; Frederic Hymen Cowen (British composer), b. 1852; Frederick Delius (English composer), b. 1862; Havergal Brian (English composer), b. 1876; First Performance of Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera The Snow Maiden, 1882; Bernard Herrmann (American composer), b. 1911; Luigi Nono (Italian composer), b. 1924; First performance of Lambert’s opera Summer’s Last Will and Testament, 1936; Justino Diaz (Puerto Rican bass), b. 1940; Sydney Jones (British composer), d. 1946; Fritz Kreisler (Austrian composer & violinist), d. 1962
High Altar, Toledo Cathedral – Polychrome larch wood (1498-1504) by an Unknown Spanish Master
High Altar, Toledo Cathedral (Detail)
High Altar, Toledo Cathedral (Detail)
January 30Greek Orthodox icon commemorating the Synaxix of the Three Hierarchs:
Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, & John Chrysostom

          See January 1 for comments about Basil the Great, January 25 for Gregory the Theologian and September 13 for John Chrysostom. This icon commemorates all three who are clad in liturgical vestments and holding Bibles.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Hyacintha of Mariscotti, 1640
          In a Third Order Rule convent which practiced asceticism, Hyacintha brought in food, clothes and other items to make herself comfortable. During a serious illness, her confessor brought Communion to her room and challenged her lifestyle. She accepted his advice and eventually became an inspiration for the other sisters.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Johann Joachim Quantz (German flutist & composer), b. 1697; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 81 ”Jesus schläft, was soll ich hoffen?”, 1724; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 14 ”Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit”, 1735; Charles Martin Loeffler (French-American composer), b. 1861; Walter Damrosch (German-American composer & conductor), b. 1862; First performance of Zemlinsky’s opera A Floretine Tragedy, 1917; First performance of Copland’s Orchestral Suite from “Billy the Kid”, 1942; Francis Poulenc (French composer), d. 1963
January 31Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Cyrus and John the Unmercenaries, 292
          The saints made their witness during Diocletian’s persecution. Their title, “Unmercenaries,” refer to their refusal to accept payment for their healings. The icon shows twenty saints beneath the reigning Christ.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. John Bosco, 1888
          Bosco’s educational style was to reject corporal punishment and create a culture that prevented misdeeds. He taught young people trades and catechism at the same time, emphasizing the unity of spiritual life, work, study and play. He was so successful that he was asked to found the Salesians, and the Salesian Sisters with emphasis on education and mission work.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: François Devienne (French composer), b. 1759; Franz Schubert (Austrian composer), b. 1797; Benjamin Frankel (English composer), b. 1906; Philip Glass (American composer), b. 1937; First performance of Giannini’s opera The Taming of the Shrew, 1953; George Benjamin (English composer & pianist), b. 1960
Christ as Savior - Oil on canvas (1610-1614) by El Greco
February 1Episcopal commemoration of Brigid of Kildare, abbess, 523
          Bridget was born in a Druid family but became a Christian and eventually a nun. She established a convent at Kildare, a Druid sanctuary with a perpetual fire. Her nuns kept the fire lit but gave it a Christian interpretation. This was a contribution to the easy conversion from Druidism to Christianity. The Druids believed that their beliefs were but a partial and tentative insight into the nature of God; they recognized what they were searching for in Christianity. Bridget is remembered for her generosity toward the poor which was extravagant and exasperating.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Ansgar, 865
          Ansgar is known as the “apostle of the north (Scandinavia).” He refused to give up, yet the record shows nothing but failure. Three years in Denmark went without success; on the way to Sweden he was captured by pirates, and after only two years, he was recalled to become the bishop of Hamburg. After thirteen years there, invading Norsemen burned Hamburg to the ground, including his church, his monastery and his library. Sweden and Denmark reverted to paganism. He is remembered for his perseverance in ministry, as a gifted preacher and a humble, ascetic priest.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Tryphon the Martyr
          Tryphon was a simple peasant who, gifted by the Holy Spirit, healed illness and cast out demons as one of the Unmercenaries. He made his witness under Decius’ persecution. The icon portrays a young man clad in the red cloak of martyrdom holding a cross in one hand and a sickle in the other.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Francesco Maria Veracini (Italian composer), b. 1690; Johan Joachim Agrell (Swedish composer), b. 1701; Maria Theresia von Paradis (Austrian composer), d. 1824; Victor Herbert (Irish-American composer), b. 1859; Julius Conus (Russian composer), b. 1869; Hugo von Hofmannsthal (Austrian - Richard Strauss’ librettist), b. 1874; Sir William Sterndale Bennett (British composer), d. 1875; First performance of Puccini’s opera Manon Lescaut, 1893; First performance of Puccini’s opera La Boh&$232;me, 1896; Sándor Veress (Hungarian-Swiss composer), b. 1907; Camargo Guarnieri (Brazilian composer), b. 1907; First performance of Lehar’s operetta Where the Lark Sings, 1918; Renata Tebaldi (Italian soprano), b. 1922; Ursula Mamlok (German-American composer), b. 1928; First performance of Schoenberg’s opera From One Day to the Next, 1930; Ernst Pepping (German composer), d. 1981; Nils Geirr Tveitt (Norwegian composer), d. 1981; First performance of Harbison’s opera Mirabai Songs, 1984; First performance of Walker’s opera Lilacs, 1996

Two Holy Families by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo

Holy Family with the Infant St. John - Oil on canvas (1655-1660)
The Holy Family - Oil on canvas (c. 1660)
February 2

Feast of the Presentation of the Lord in the Temple

Episcopal essay; Greek Orthodox icon; Roman Catholic audio essay.
          The presentation of the Lord, Candlemas, and the purification of the Virgin all refer to the same feast commemorating the event recorded in Luke 2:22-39. It is a popular topic for artists, and the song of Simeon, the Nunc Dimittis is sung daily at Vespers. A Jewish woman was ritually unclean for forty days after giving birth and was required to present herself in the Temple and make her sacrifice for purification at the conclusion of that period (which explains the date of February 2). The icon portrays the scene with Anna holding the scroll with Simeon’s song.

The Holy Family with St. Anne - Oil on canvas (c. 1595) by El Greco
The Holy Family - Oil on canvas (1594-1604) by El Greco
The Holy Family with Mary Magdalene - Oil on canvas (1595-1600) by El Greco



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (composer), d. 1594; Louis Marchand (French composer & organist), b. 1669; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 83 "Erfreute Zeit im neuen Bunde", 1724; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 125 "Mit Fried und Frued ich fahr dahin", 1725; Armand-Louis Couperin (French composer & organist), d. 1789; Alexander Dargomizhsky (Russian composer), b. 1813; Leo Fall (Austrian composer), b. 1873; Fritz Kreisler (Austrian-American violinist), b. 1875; First performance of Charpentier’s opera Louise, 1900; Jascha Heifetz (violinist), b. 1901; Eva Heinitz (German cellist), b. 1907; Jussi Bjoerling (Swedish tenor), b. 1911; Burton Lane (American song writer), b. 1912; First performance of Bretan’s opera Luceafarul, 1921; Robert Hickok (American choral conductor), b. 1927; First performance of Rorem’s A Quaker Reader for organ, 1977
Mary and Child with Angels Playing Music - Oil on canvas (1675) by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
February 3Lutheran and Episcopal commemoration of Anskar, Archbishop of Hamburg, missionary to Denmark and Sweden, 865
          See February 1 for comments.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Symeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess
          This commemoration is a continuation of the feast of the presentation, this time honoring the priest and prophet, Simeon and Anna, who prophesied about him and received him as Messiah. The icon portrays Simeon as a elderly man holding a miniature fully adult Jesus; but then it was the adult Jesus whose message and model was the salvation of the world.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Stamatios, John & Nicholas, New Martyrs of Chios
          Nothing is known of Stamatios, John and Nicholas except that they were martyred. The icon shows a young man wearing the white robe of purity with the red cloak of martyrdom. He holds the cross.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Blasé, 316
          Little is known about Blasé, but the devotion shown to him around the world is great. He was martyred in Armenia during a persecution that had not yet heard of the Edict of Toleration. The Acts of Blase were written 400 years later, so it is impossible to distinguish history from legend in its pages. At the very least, he appears to have been a good bishop of Segaste.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Johann Albrechtsberger (Austrian composer), b. 1736; Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (German composer), b. 1809; Johann Antonin Kozeluch (Bohemian composer), d. 1814; Nicolaus Lemmens (Belgian organist & composer), b. 1823; First performance of Rossini’s Semiramide, 1823; Sidney Lanier (American poet & composer), 1842; First performance of Tchaikowsky’s opera Mazeppa, 1884; Luigi Dallapiccola (Italian composer), b. 1904; Blas Galindo Dimas (Mexican composer), b. 1910; Jehan Alain (French organist & composer), b. 1911; Richard Bales (American conductor), b 1915; Channing Robbins (American cellist & educator), b. 1922
St. Dominic of Guzman - Oil on canvas (1685) by Claudio Coello
February 4Episcopal Feast of Matthias the Apostle
          This commemoration is of the man chosen to replace Judas as an apostle. Nothing else is known of him, but it may be surmised from silence that he was a good choice.



Episcopal commemoration of Cornelius the Centurion
          All we know of Cornelius is contained in Acts 10 and 11. As a centurion, he theoretically commanded 100 men; as a God-fearer, he was a monotheist, a Gentile who had a place in God’s family. After an angelic visit, he sent for Peter to preach to him. At the conclusion of the sermon, Cornelius and his household had a Pentecost experience, and was the first Gentile to become a Christian. He represents the beginning of the movement that would admit Gentiles to full and equal fellowship with Jewish Christians.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Joseph of Leonissa, 1612
          Italian-born Joseph became a Capuchin and began living a life of asceticism at an early age. He was imprisoned twice for working with galley slaves in Constantinople, and spent his later years preaching to the poor and reconciling feuding families.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Gilbert of Semprigham, 1189
          Gilbert was born into the family of a wealthy Norman knight, and was endowed with a large inheritance from his father. Instead, he lived a simple life of a parish priest, sharing as much as possible with the poor. A number of young women wanted to live as religious, so he founded a convent. He hoped the Cistercians would take responsibility for establish their rule, but they became known as Gilbertines. The order was the only English order founded during the Middle Ages, and flourished until Henry VIII suppressed all Catholic monasteries.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 126 "Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort", 1725; Carl Mikael Bellman (Swedish song composer), b. 1740; Josef Mysliveczek (Bohemian composer), d. 1781; Yrjo Kilpinen (Finnish song composer), b. 1892; Bernard Rogers (American composer), b. 1893; Agi Jambor (Hungarian pianist), b. 1909; Erich Leinsdorf (Austrian conductor), b. 1912; Toshi Ichiyanagi (Japanese avant garde composer), b. 1933; Ross Lee Finney (American composer), d. 1997
La Sagrada Forma - Oil on canvas (1685-1690) by Claudio Coello
February 5Lutheran and Episcopal commemoration of the Martyrs of Japan, 1597
          Christianity was introduced to Japan during the 16th century and by the end of the century had grown to 300,000. However, political intrigues and rivalry between groups of missionaries led to a suppression of the Church. The first martyrs were six Franciscan friars and twenty of their converts. When Japan was opened to the west 250 years later, an underground church was discovered to have survived. This commemoration is of those first martyrs.


Feast of St. Agatha, Martyr, 251?

Roman Catholic audio essay; Greek Orthodox icon.
          Little is known of Agatha other than her virgin-martyrdom during Decius’ persecution. Legends and the attribution of miracles abound, however, chiefly the one that she preserved Catania from destruction during an eruption of Mount Etna. The icon portrays a woman clad in the white tunic of purity with the red cloak of martyrdom; she hold a cross.

St. Agatha - Oil on canvas (1630-1633) by Francisco de Zurbarán



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Francesco Geminiani (Italian violinist & composer), b. 1687; Ole Bull (Norwegian violinist), b. 1810; First performance of Verdi’s opera Otello, 1887; Ivan Galamian (Persian-Russian violin teacher), b. 1906; Ludwig Thuille (German composer), d. 1907; Grazyna Bacewicz (Polish composer), b. 1909; First performance of Orff’s opera Der Mond, 1939; Ivan Tcherepnin (French-American composer), b. 1943; Jacques Ibert (French composer), d. 1962; First performance of Zwilich’s Symphony No. 4 “The Gardens”, 2000
Sts. Abdon and Sennen - Mixed technique on wood (1459-1460) by Jaume Huguet
February 6Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Photios, Patriarch of Constantinople
          Photios was one of those who were able to combine excellent performance in imperial affairs with a life of piety. He is remembered for his defense of orthodox doctrine against heresies, especially the Manichaeans and Iconoclasts. He vigorously contested against the “filioque clause” in the controversy with the West. The icon portrays a mature man in liturgical garb holding a Bible; his face is intense and his eyes are penetrating.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Paul Miki and Companions, 1597
          One of the martyrs of Japan, Jesuit Brother Paul preached to the crowd gathered for his execution. See February 5th for additional comments.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Johannes Ockeghem (Flemish composer), d. 1497; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 144 "Nimm, was dein ist, und gehe hin", 1724; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 157 "Ich lasse dich nicht, du segnest mich denn", 1727; First performance of Rossini’s opera Tancredi, 1727; Henry C. Litolff (British composer & pianist), b. 1818; Claudio Arrau (Chilean pianist), b. 1903; Israel Citkowitz (American pianist), b. 1909; Stephen Albert (American composer), b. 1941; First performance of Poulenc’s opera La voix humaine, 1959; First performance of La Montaine’s opera Be Glad, Then, America, 1976
The Archangel St. Michael - Tempera on panel (1456) by Jaume Huguet
February 7Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Colette, 1447
          In an age of papal schism, clergy abuses, and lay indifference, Colette was Third Order Rule nun who is remembered for reforming the Poor Clares and establishing seventeen monasteries. She reminds us that it is always inconvenient to follow Christ.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Gregorio Allegri (Italian composer), d. 1652; First performance of Handel’s opera Orlando, 1733; William Boyce (English composer), d. 1779; First performance of Mozart’s opera Der Schauspieldirektor, 1786; First performance of Cimarosa’s opera Il Matrimonio segreto, 1786; Wassily Safonoff (Russian pianist, composer & conductor), b. 1852; Wilhelm Stenhammar (Swedish composer), b. 1871; Leonard Liebling (American librettist), b. 1874; Ossip Gabrilovitch (Russian-French pianist & conductor), b. 1878; Eubie Blake (American jazz pianist & song composer), b. 1883; Jan Smeterlin (Polish pianist), b. 1892; Quincy Porter (American composer), b. 1897; First performance of Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh, 1907; Marius Constant (Rumanian-French composer), b. 1925; First performance of Taylor’s opera Peter Ibbetson, 1931; First performance of Martinu’s opera The Marriage, 1953

Three Still Lifes by Luis Meléndez

Still Life of Fruit - Oil on canvas (c. 1765)
Still Life with Fish, Lemon and 3 vessels - Oil on canvas (1772)
Still Life with Bream and Oranges - Oil on canvas (1772)
February 8Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Theodore the Commander and Great Martyr
          Theodore was a military commander of renown. When the Emperor discovered that he was a Christian, he attempted a ruse to attract him to idol worship. When that failed, he had Theodore tortured and executed. The icon portrays the saint in battle garb and armed.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Zechariah the Prophet. Click for an evangelical perspective on him and his book.
          He was contemporary with Haggai (December 16), Malachi (January 3) and Darius the Mede, who released Israel from captivity. He possibly was born in Babylon and returned with the Exiles. His ministry was to give spiritual leadership that would regenerate the theocracy, and guide it toward its destiny as a living witness to God in the world. The icon portrays him in the non-conformist garb of a prophet holding a scroll of revelations from God.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Josephine Bakhitha, 1947
          Born in Darfur, kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery, resold several times, and ending up in Italy where she was freed, Josephine was drawn to the Catholic faith and became a Canossian nun. She served her community well and became well loved by the children of the school, and local citizens as well. She is remembered for her positive attitude in every circumstance, letting her baptism set her on the path to freedom and service.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Giles Mary of St. Joseph, 1812
          Born into poverty, Francesco (his birth name) was left to care for his family when his father died. He secured their future and became a Friars Minor. He is remembered for his humble service to the community and to the hospice in Naples.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Giuseppe Torelli (Italian composer), d. 1709; André Grétry (Belgian-French composer), b. 1741; First performance of Mussorgsky’s opera Boris Godunov, 1874; E. Robert Schmitz (French pianist), b. 1889; Dragan Plamenac (Yugoslavian-American musicologist), b. 1895; Mieczyslaw Karlowicz (Polish composer), d. 1909; Newell Jenkins (American conductor), b. 1915; John Williams (American composer & conductor), b. 1932; First performance of Thomson’s opera Four Saints in Three Acts, 1934
The Trinity - Tempera on wood (c. 1390-1396) by Agnolo Gaddi
February 9Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Jerome Emiliani, 1537
          Jerome was an irreligious soldier who was captured and imprisoned. While chained to a dungeon wall, he thought and learned to pray. He escaped and began to study for the priesthood. When famine and plague swept Italy, he began to care for the poor and feed the hungry at his own expense. As his career progressed, he founded three orphanages, a hospital and a shelter for repentant prostitutes. His congregation was dedicated to the care of orphans and the education of youth. He reminds us that service to others is the key to true freedom.



Roman Catholic aueio essay commemorating St. Apollonia, 249
          Apollonia was an elderly deaconess who was beaten and had her teeth knocked out before she died during a persecution in Alexandria. Therefore, she is often pictured with pincers holding a tooth or with a golden tooth hanging from her necklace.

St. Apollonia - Oil on canvas (17th century) by Francisco de Zurbarán



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 84 "Ich bin vergnügt mit meinem Glücke", 1727; Vincent Lübeck (German composer), d. 1740; Franz Anton Hoffmeister (German composer), d. 1812; Franz Xaver Witt (German composer), b. 1834; Max Seiffert (German musicologist & arranger), b. 1868; Alban Berg (Austrian composer), b. 1885; Joseph Braunstein (American musicologist), b. 1892; First performance of Verdi’s opera Falstaff, 1893; Harald Genzmer (German composer), b. 1909; Constance Keene (American pianist), b. 1923; Ernö (Ernst von) Dohnányi (Hungarian composer), d. 1960
Baptism of Christ - Fresco (c. 1473) by Domenico Ghirlandaio
February 10Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Haralambos, the Holy Martyr
          Haralambos was a priest in Magnesia of Thessaly. He was 103 years old when he gave his witness to the faith. The icon shows an elderly man holding a Bible and extending a blessing.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Scholastica, 542?
          Scholastica was the twin sister of Benedict (July 11). They founded religious communities just a few miles from each other. She is remembered for giving up many opportunities to be with her brother in order to fulfill her vocation. However, they remained close-knit throughout their lives.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Ferdinando Carulli (Italian-French guitarist), b. 1770; First performance of Offenbach’s opera The Tales of Hoffmann, 1881; First performance of Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera The Snow Maiden, first version, 1882; First performance of Damrosch’s opera The Scarlet Letter, 1896; Jean Coulthard (Canadian composer & pianist), b. 1908; Cesare Siepi (Italian bass), b. 1923; Leontyne Price (American soprano), b. 1927; First performance of Krenek’s opera Jonny spielt auf, 1927; Jerry Goldsmith (American film score composer), b. 1929; First staged performance of Hanson’s opera Merry Mount, 1934; Theodor Antoniou (Greek composer & conductor), b. 1935; Barbara Kolb (American composer), b. 1939
Pietá - Polychromed wood sculpture (early 17th century) by Gregorio Fernández
February 11Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Vlassios, the Holy Martyr of Sebaste.
          He is remembered here as a healer of sickness. See February 3 (St. Blasé) for comment.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating the Empress Theodora
          She was married to Theophilus, the last of the Iconoclast emperors. While he lived, she adored icons privately, but after he died, she restored them to the public. Her reign lasted fifteen years, and then she spent the remainder of her life in a convent. The icon shows her royal personage holding a icon of Christ.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating Our Lady of Lourdes
          Shortly after the pope declared the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, a vision of the Virgin Mary appeared to Bernadette Soubirous and identified herself, “I am the Immaculate Conception.” This series of visions became very important in popular piety as thousands of pilgrims went to Lourdes to pray where the event happened. Some sixty miraculous cures have been attributed to visits there.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 127 "Herr Jesu Christ, wahr' Mensch und Gott", 1725; First performance of Handel’s opera Admeto, 1727; Carl Mikael Bellman (Swedish song composer), d. 1795; First performance of Donizetti’s opera La fille du regiment, 1840; First performance of Verdi’s opera I Lombardi, 1843; Feodor Chaliapin (Russian bass), b. 1873; Louis Persinger (American violinist & pianist), b. 1887; Rudolf Firkusny (Czech-American pianist), b. 1912; Franz Schmidt (Austrian composer), d. 1939; First performance of Weisgall’s opera The Tenor, 1952
Golgota - Painting (1922) by Vilmos Aba-Novák
February 12



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Thomas Campion (English composer & poet), baptized 1567; Jan L. Dussek (Bohemian composer), b. 1760; d. 1799; Johann Rochlitz (German music reviewer), b. 1769; Victor Kolar (Hungarian-American composer & conductor), b. 1888; Amboise Thomas (French composer), d. 1896; Roy Harris (American composer), b. 1898; Emile Waldteufel (French composer), d. 1915; Thomas Scherman (American conductor), b. 1917; Robert Rudié (French-American violinist & conductor), b. 1919; Mel Powell (American composer), b. 1923; First performance of Diamond’s Three Vocalises for soprano and viola, 1936; American Music Festival inaugurated, 1939; George Antheil (American composer), d. 1959; Benjamin Frankel (English composer), d. 1972
St. Anne - Painting (1913) by Ede Bohacsek
February 13Episcopal commemoration of Absalom Jones, Priest, 1818
          Jones is remembered as the founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, a break-off from both the Methodist and Episcopal churches over the issue of race. He and Richard Allen were the first black Americans to be formally ordained (Episcopal) in any denomination.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 181 "Leichgesinnte Flattergeister" and No. 18 "Gleichwie der Regen und Schnee", 1724; First performance of Handel’s opera Rodelinda, 1725; Johann Joseph Fux (Austrian composer), d. 1741; Fernando Sor (Spanish composer & guitarist), b. 1778; Leopold Godowsky (American composer & pianist), b. 1870; Richard Wagner (German composer), d. 1883; Alexander Kipnis (Russian bass), b. 1891; George Kleinsinger (American composer), b. 1914; Eileen Farrell (American soprano), b. 1920; Schuyler Chapin (American arts administrator), b. 1923; First performance of Honegger’s opera Judith, 2nd version, 1926; Alexandr Rudajev (Czech composer), b. 1935; Colin Matthews (English composer), b. 1946; Alfred Einstein (German musicologist), d. 1952; Ildebrando Pizetti (Italian composer), d. 1968
Madonna - Painting by Béla Czóbel (1937)
February 14

Feast of Sts. Cyril and Methodius, missionaries to the Slavs

Episcopal essay; Roman Catholic audio essay.
          These two men were brothers and priests who learned the Khazar language in order to work in the Black Sea area. During the course of their missionary work, they translated the Orthodox Liturgy and much of scripture into Slavonic. In order to do that, they had to invent an alphabet, the Glagolitic which later gave rise to the Cyrillic alphabet (named for Cyril). At the time, there was controversy whether there should be uniformity of language in Christian worship—the Western Church wanted only Latin used— or vernacular. Time, and Vatican II, has answered that question in a way more satisfactory to the Eastern Church.



Feast of St. Valentine
          Early martyrologies mention three Valentines commemorated on February 14th; two were martyrs in Rome while the third was an unknown person in North Africa. Modern celebrations of the day began with a Middle Ages belief in England and France that halfway through the second month of the year, the birds began to pair.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Francesco Cavalli (Italian composer), b. 1602; Johann Josef Fux (Austrian music theorist), d. 1741; Alexander Dargomizhsky (Russian composer), b. 1813; First performance of Bellini’s opera La Straniera, 1829; Ignaz Friedman (Polish composer & pianist), b. 1882; First performance of Zandonai’s opera Giulietta e Romeo, 1922; First performance of Goldschmidt’s opera Der gewaltige Hahnrei, 1932; First performance of Orff’s Trionfo di Afrodite, 1953
Holy Family - Painting (1808) by János Donát
February 15Episcopal commemoration of Thomas Bray, Priest and Missionary, 1730
          Bray was a country parson sent to Maryland to report on the condition of the Anglican Church there. In a stay of only ten weeks, he radically reorganized the church providing for the instruction of children and the systematic examination of candidates for pastoral positions. In addition, he founded thirty-nine lending libraries and several schools. In Maryland and England, he worked for the reform of prison conditions and in defense of the rights of slaves and Native Americans. He was instrumental in the founding of Georgia, a missionary society and a publishing society.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating St. Claude la Colombiére, 1682
          Claude was a Jesuit who promoted the Sacred Heart of Jesus as an antidote to the moralism of the Jansenists. He was a friend and confessor to Margaret Mary Alacoque (October 16). In England he was imprisoned and banished for success of his eloquent preaching under the false charge of plotting against the king.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Michael Praetorius (German composer), b. 1571, d. 1621; First performance of Lully’s opera Armide et Renaud, 1686; Henry E. Steinway (German-American piano builder), b. 1797; First performance of Verdi’s opera Giovanna D’Arco, 1845; Robert Fuchs (Austrian composer), b. 1847; Michael Glinka (Russian composer), d. 1857; Marcella Sembrich (Polish soprano), b. 1858; First performance of Tchaikowsky’s opera Mazeppa, 1884; Alexander Borodin (Russian composer), d. 1887; Georges Auric (French composer), b. 1899; Jean Langlais (French organist & composer), b. 1907; John Adams (American composer), b. 1947; Christopher Rouse (American composer), b. 1949; Kurt Atterberg (Swedish composer), d. 1974; William Schuman (American composer), d. 1992; First performance of Zimmermann’s opera Die Soldaten, 1965

Four Evangelists - Polychrome stucco by Donatello (1428-1483)

St. Matthew - St. Mark - St. Luke - St. John
February 16



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Charles Avison (English composer & writer), b. 1709; Pierre Rode (French composer), b. 1774; François Joseph Gossec (Belgian-French composer), d. 1829; Philipp Scharwenka (German composer & teacher), b. 1847; David Mannes (American violinist, conductor & educator), b. 1866; Selim Palmgren (Finnish composer), b. 1878; First performance of Massenet’s opera Werther, 1892; Alexander Brailowsky (Russian pianist), b. 1896; Alec Wilder (American composer), b. 1907; Sir Geraint Evans (Welsh bass-baritone), b. 1922; John Corigliano (American composer), b. 1938; Laszlo Lajtha (Hungarian composer), d. 1963; Healey Willan (Canadian composer), d. 1968; Dimtri Kabalevsky (Soviet composer), d. 1987
Saints Michael and Francis - Tempera and oil on wood (1505-1509) by Juan de Flandes
February 17Episcopal commemoration of Janani Luwum, Archbishop of Uganda & Martyr, 1977
          This is the third commemoration of martyrdom in Uganda. In the 19th century, the Martyrs (June 3) and James Hannington (October 29) met profound opposition. Then in 1900 the country became a British protectorate and the Church flourished. When Uganda became an independent nation in 1962, suppression began again. After voicing vigorous protest at the persecution and other injustices, Luwum was tried for treason against Idi Amin and executed.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating Theodore the Tyro, Great Martyr
          Theodore was a newly recruited soldier (Tyro) who was discovered to be a Christian. When confronted, he made his confession of faith and was executed. The icon portrays a young man in military uniform and armed, recalling the scriptural references to “the breastplate of righteousness” and “the whole armor of God” (Ephesians 6:11-17).



Franciscan audio essay commemorating the Seven Founders of the Order of Servites, 13th century
          Seven prominent noblemen from Florence were so disgusted with the atmosphere of political strife, heresy, low moral standards, and indifference toward religion that they banded together and withdrew to an isolated place for prayer and direct service to God. They formed a new order, Servants of Mary, modeled after the mendicants combining monastic life with active ministry.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Gregorio Allegri (Italian composer), d. 1652; Arcangelo Corelli (Italian composer), b. 1653; Louis Marchand (French composer & organist), d. 1732; Henri Vieuxtemps (Belgian composer & violinist), b. 1820; Ferdinando Carulli (Italian composer & guitarist), d. 1841; First performance of Verdi’s opera Un Ballo in Maschera, 1859; Sir Edward German (Welsh-English composer), b. 1862; Hans Lange (German-American conductor), b. 1884; Leevi Madetoja (Finnish composer), b. 1887; Andrés Segovia (Spanish guitarist), b. 1893; First performance of Mahler’s oratorio Das Klagende Lied, 1901; Marian Anderson (American contralto), b. 1902; First performance of Puccini’s opera Madama Butterfly, 1904; Marjorie Lawrence (Australian soprano), b. 1909; Paul Fetler (American composer), b. 1920; Oskar Merikanto (Finnish composer), d. 1924; Lee Hoiby (American composer), b. 1926; Friedrich Cerha (Austrian composer), b. 1926; First performance of Taylor’s opera The King’s Henchmen, 1927; First performance of Henze’s opera Boulevard Solitude, 1952; Alfred Newman (American composer & conductor), d. 1970; Thelonious Monk (American jazz composer & pianist), d. 1982
The Journey of the Magi - Tempera and gold on wood (c. 1435) by Sassetta
February 18Lutheran and Episcopal commemoration of Martin Luther, renewer of the church, 1546
          Brother Martin, German peasant, Augustinian monk, and Doctor of Theology: this is the man who challenged some of the worst abuses in the history of the church. He is remembered for three themes that ran throughout his ministry: God’s grace is free and cannot be earned – it is not for sale; his hymns and use of the chorale in the liturgy; and his translation of the scripture into the vernacular. This link provides an “easy reading” summary of his accomplishments.



Franciscan audio essay commemorating Blessed John of Fiesole, 1455
          John, an artist, was a Dominican who took the name Fra Angelico when he professed his vows. After he became a monk he continued to perfect his technique and produce works of the highest quality; his art has a devotional quality about it.

San Marco Altarpiece - Tempera on wood (1438-1440)
Annunciation - Tempera on wood (1433-1434)
                   Annunciation (detail) - Tempera on wood (1433-1434)
                   Annunciation (detail) - Tempera on wood (1433-1434)
                   Annunciation (detail) - Tempera on wood (1433-1434)



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Martin Luther (German theologian & hymn writer), d. 1546; Giovanni Battista Vitali (Italian composer), b. 1632; Sir George Henschel (British singer, conductor & composer), b. 1850; Gustave Schirmer (American musicpublisher), b. 1864; Eric DeLamarter (American organist & composer), b. 1880; First staged performance of Berlioz’ opera La Damnation de Faust, 1893; Marlos Nobre (Brazilian composer), b. 1939; First performance of Menotti’s opera The Telephone, 1947; Gustave Charpentier (French composer), d. 1956
The Crucifixion with the Virgin and Saint John - Oil on canvas (1624-1625) by Hendrick ter Brugghen
February 19Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Conrad of Piacenza, 1350
          After an intense experience of guilt and restitution, Conrad and his wife agreed to separate, she to a Poor Clare monastery and he to a group of Third Order Rule hermits. He gave himself to a life of prayer for the world, and earned a reputation for holiness.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Orazio Vecchi (Italian composer), d. 1605; First performance of Handel’s cantata Alexandere’s Feast, 1736; Luigi Boccherini (Italian composer & cellist), b. 1743; Adelina Patti (Italian soprano), b. 1843; Tobias Matthay (English piano teacher), b. 1858; Arthur Shepherd (American composer), b. 1880; Grace Williams (Welsh composer), b. 1906; Stan Kenton (American band leader & arranger), b. 1912; Alvin Etler (American composer), b. 1913; First performance of Zandonai’s opera Francesca da Rimini, 1914; György Kurtág (Romanian-Hungarian composer), b. 1926; Sir Hamilton Harty (Irish composer & arranger), d. 1941; First performance of Moore’s opera The Emperor’s New Clothes, 1949; First performance of Stravinsky’s anthem The dove descending breaks the air, 1961; Luigi Dallapiccola (Italian composer), d. 1975
Music Stand - Wood sculpture (1962) by Wharton Esherick
February 20Lutheran commemoration of Rasmus Jensen, the first Lutheran pastor in North America, 1620
          After the European discovery of America, nations began to search for a northwest passage that would give them a shortcut to Asia and its wealth. Pastor Jensen was on the first Danish ships in 1619. While trapped in the ice, he and all the sailors but three died. The next time a Lutheran pastor came to the New World was twenty years later, this time to Delaware.



Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating Blessed Jacinta and Francisco Marto, 20th c.
          In 1917, the Virgin Mary appeared to three children near Fatima, Portugal. She told them to return on the 13th of each month for the next six months, to learn to read and write, and to pray the rosary for the end of the Great War. These two fell victim to the global influenza scourge of 1918, but many thousands have made a pilgrimage to Fatima since.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: John Blow (English composer), b. 1649; First performance of Bach’s Cantata No.22 "Jesus nahm zu sich die Zwölfe" and No. 23 "Du wahrer Gott und Davids Sohn", 1724; First performance of Handel’s opera Giulio Cesare, 1724; Johann Peter Salomon (German composer), baptized 1749; Ferdinando Carulli (Italian composer & guitarist), b. 1770; Carl Czerny (Austrian composer & pianist), b. 1791; Charles Auguste de Bériot (Belgian composer & violinist), b. 1802; First performance of Rossini’s opera The Barber of Seville, 1816; Mary Garden (Scottish soprano), b. 1877; First performance of Tchaikowsky’s ballet Swan Lake, 1877; David McK. Williams (American organist & composer), b. 1887; First performance of Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh, 1897; Robert McBride (American composere), b. 1911; Marco Enrico Bossi (Italian composer), d. 1925; Toshiro Mayuzumi (Japanese composer), b. 1929; Donald McCorkle (American musicologist), b. 1929; First performance of Menotti’s opera The Island God, 1942; First performance of Orff’s opera Die Kluge, 1943; Percy Grainger (Austialian-American composer & pianist), d. 1961
Snow, Winter in Vitebsk - Gouache on cardboard (1911) by Marc Chagall
February 21Roman Catholic audio essay commemorating St. Peter Damian, 1072
          Peter escaped childhood poverty and made it his custom to host the poor at his table and minister personally to their needs. He became a Benedictine monk and lived an ascetic life. Despite his preference for solitude, he founded other houses and was called on by the pope to be a peacemaker or troubleshooter, as the situation demanded. As a cardinal-bishop, he tried to restore primitive discipline among the clergy and religious, and wrote extensively.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Bach’s Cantata No. 52 "Ich habe genug", 1727; First performance of Handel’s oratorio Semele, 1744; First performance of Handel’s oratorio Susanna, 1749; Johann Wenzel Kalliwoda (Czech composer), b. 1801; Leo Delibes (French composer), b. 1836; Charles Marie Widor (French organist & composer), b. 1844; First performance of Mussorgsky’s (arr. Rimsky-Korsakov) opera Khovanschchina, 1886; First performance of Delius’ opera A Village Romeo and Juliet, 1907; Irving Kolodin (American music critic and historian), b. 1980; Robert Sabin (American bassist), b. 1912; Morton Gould (American composer & conductor), d. 1996
St. John Chrysostom - Icon (17th century) by an unknown Central Russian Master
February 22Franciscan audio essay commemorating the Chair of Peter the Apostle
          This feast commemorates Christ’s choosing Peter to be his representative as servant-authority to the whole church. Christ called Peter to discipleship and gave him the keys of the kingdom, but it was only after he had received the Holy Spirit on Pentecost that he was able to fulfill his role. This link has an interesting summary of Peter’s ministry.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: Johann Ambrosius Bach (German composer), b. 1645; Johann Nikolaus Forkel (German musicologist & historian), b. 1749; Frederic Chopin (Polish composer & pianist), b. 1810; Niels Gade (Danish composer), b. 1817; M.P. Belaieff (Russian publisher in Germany), b. 1836; Kurt E. Eulenburg (German music publisher), b. 1879; Léa Luboshutz (Russian violinist), b. 1885; Benno Moiseiwitsch (Russian-British pianist), b. 1890; Hugo Wolf (Austrian composer), d. 1903; First performance of Kabalevsky’s opera Colas Breugnon, 1938; Lowell Liebermann (American composer), b. 1961
Three Men Walking II - Bronze sculpture (1949) by Alberto Giacometti
February 23

Feast of St. Polycarp of Smyrna, 156

Lutheran and Episcopal essay; Roman Catholic audio essay.
          Smyrna, now Izmir on the west coast of Turkey, was one of the churches mentioned at the beginning of John’s Revelation as undergoing persecution. Polycarp is said to have known the Apostle John and a friend of Ignatius (October 17). After being sentenced to death for being a Christian, he, like Stephen (December 26), prayed a prayer that glorified God because of Jesus.



Lutheran and Episcopal commemoration of Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg, missionary to India, 1719
          Ziegenbalg, a German Lutheran Pietist, found that in his missionary work he had to combine “heart religion” with social action. He translated the New Testament into Tamil—as well as Genesis through Ruth—and published studies of Indian religion and culture. His close cooperation with an Anglican missionary society was an early model for others to follow.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: George Frederick Handel (German-English composer), b. 1685; Georg Muffat (Austrian composer & organist), d. 1704; First performance of Handel’s oratorio Esther, 1732; First performance of Halévy’s opera La Juive, 1835; Mildred Dilling (American harpist), b. 1894; Elinor Remick Warren (American composer), b. 1905; First performance of Schoenberg’s Gurre-Lieder, 1913; Hall Overton (American composer), b. 1920; Lejaren A. Hiller, Jr. (American composer & chemist), b. 1924; Hubert Saal (American music critic), b. 1924; Sir Edward Elgar (English composer), d. 1934; Henry Howells (English composer), d. 1983
Constellation: Toward the Rainbow - Gouache and oil wash on paper (1941) by Joan Miró
February 24Lutheran and Episcopal Feast of St. Matthias the Apostle
          See February 4 for comments.

Saint Matthias – Tempera on wood (early 14th c.) by the Workshop of Simone Martini



Franciscan audio essay commemorating Blessed Luke Belludi, 1285
          Belludi responded to St. Anthony’s (June 13) preaching and became a Franciscan friar. In the same way that Luke was Paul’s trusted companion, this Luke became Anthony’s companion, aide, and successor with a similar gift of miracles. He helped finish a basilica in honor of his mentor, and when the time came was buried in it.



Greek Orthodox icon commemorating the Finding of the Head of John the Baptist
          While sacred relics are not part of my personal spiritual journey, this icon is interesting in the way it depicts the various elements of John’s story. Jesus is watching over and blessing the scene from above, while a winged Baptist who holds a scepter topped with a cross and a parchment of prophecy dominates the scene. Mount Sinai, representing the Law which John preached is in the right background while a desert mountain, the location of John’s ministry(!) and the site of Jesus’ Temptation(?), is on the left. At the base is John’s severed head in a footed bowl.



MUSICAL ANNIVERSARIES TODAY: First performance of Monteverdi’s opera Orfeo, 1607; Marc-Antoine Charpentier (French composer>, d. 1704; First performance of Handel’s opera Rinaldo, 1711; First performance of Handel’s opera Rodelinda, 1725; First performance of Handel’s opera Partenope, 1730; First performance of Rameau’s comedy-ballet La Princesse de Navarre, 1745; Samuel Wesley (English composer & organist), b. 1766; Jean Baptiste Cramer (German-English composer), b. 1771; Arrigo Boito (Italian composer & librettist), b. 1842; Luigi Denza (Italian song composer), b. 1846; Arnold Dolmetsch (French instrument maker), b. 1858; William Wolstenholme (British composer), b. 1865; Rudolph Ganz (Swiss-American pianist, conductor & teacher), b. 1877; Franz Rupp (German-American pianist), b. 1903; Guillaume Landré (Dutch composer), b. 1905; André Messager (French composer), d. 1929; First performance of Floyd’s opera Susannah, 1955; First performance of Bernstein’s musical 1700 Pennsylvania Avenue, trial run, 1976; First performance of Berg’s opera Lulu, complete version, 1979; First performance of Lloyd-Webber’s Requiem, 1985
Adoration of the Magi - Polychrome wood (1526-1532) by Alonso Berruguete

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Author: Roger G. Miller - Updated January 28, 2010